Soil moisture refers to the water condition of the soil and is related to crop growth and agricultural production.
Its importance is self-evident. It is a necessary condition for seed germination. Only when the soil moisture is appropriate can seeds absorb water and germinate smoothly. During the growth period of crops, suitable soil moisture is conducive to the roots' absorption of water and nutrients. For agricultural irrigation, monitoring it can guide farmers to use water accurately, saving water and preventing yield reduction.
Monitoring methods can be divided into traditional and modern categories. The traditional drying and weighing method calculates the water content by measuring the mass difference between wet soil and dried soil. The tensiometer method uses soil water potential for in-situ and real-time monitoring. Modern methods include the TDR method, which calculates the dielectric constant based on the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves to obtain the water content, with fast speed and high accuracy. Remote sensing monitoring can measure soil moisture over a large area, but it is easily affected by clouds and vegetation.
The Automatic Soil Monitoring System is a powerful assistant for refined management in modern agriculture and consists of several key parts. Sensors, such as frequency domain reflectometer sensors, accurately measure the dielectric constant of the soil and determine the water content. Temperature sensors simultaneously record air temperature to assist in judging soil moisture. The collection and transmission module is responsible for gathering and transmitting information. Through wireless technologies such as GPRS, it quickly sends data to the cloud platform.
The working principle is based on that the sensor emits a signal into the soil, and the signal changes due to the influence of soil moisture. After conversion and transmission, the soil moisture parameters are finally calculated on the platform.
It has outstanding features. Real-time monitoring allows farmers to grasp the soil moisture in the field at any time by opening a mobile APP. The precise irrigation guidance is excellent. When the soil is short of water, it immediately gives suggestions on the amount and time of irrigation, saving water and ensuring a bumper harvest. It also supports multi-site deployment, which is beneficial to regionalized farmland management. Combined with historical data analysis, it can clarify the changing law of soil moisture and lay a solid foundation for long-term planting planning.
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